Zeolites are a group of hydrated aluminosilicates of the alkali
or alkaline earth metals (principally sodium, potassium, magnesium
and calcium). Zeolites have three-dimensional crystalline
frameworks of tetrahedral silica or alumina anions strongly
bonded at all corners. The zeolite structures contain (-Si-O-Al-)
linkages that form surface pores of uniform diameter and enclose
regular internal cavities and channels of discrete sizes and
shapes, depending on the chemical composition and crystal
structure of the specific zeolite involved. Pore sizes range
from about 2 to 4.3 angstroms. The enclosed cavities contain
both the metal cations and water molecules. The cations are
loosely bound to the lattice and thus can engage in ion exchange.
The water molecules can also be reversibly driven off in most
zeolites. Views of a typical zeolite structure are shown in
the following diagram:
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